Taking a Closer Look at Behaviorists Essay - 1963 Words

Psychology is a science that focuses primarily on the study of the mind, but it can also be the study of behavior. â€Å"Behaviorism is a worldview that assumes a learner is essentially passive, responding to environmental stimuli. The learner starts off as a clean slate and behavior is shaped through positive reinforcement or negative reinforcement. Both positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement increase the probability that the antecedent behavior will happen again. The study of only behavior in Psychology is called Behaviorism. The Psychologists who study the school of Behaviorism go by the title of Behaviorists or Behavioral Psychologists. Behaviorists have their own theories and principles that they follow in their study.†¦show more content†¦Pavlov sounded a bell when a group of dogs were eating. Pavlov continued this action for several meals. After a while, Pavlov was able to sound the bell without giving the dogs food and the dogs would salivate. This is bec ause Pavlov conditioned their behavior so that the dogs would salivate at the sound of the bell. Watson did something very similar with his Little Albert experiment. Watson and Rosalie Rayner, a graduate student, conducted an experiment called Albert B on a nine month old boy named Albert. In the Albert B experiment, Watson and Rayner showed Albert many white objects including a white rabbit. Watson and Rayner gave Albert the white rabbit again, but this time they hit a metal pipe with a hammer. The loud noise made Albert cry. They continued this process until the sight of the white rabbit, without the noise of the pipe, made Albert cry. This proved that emotions can be altered by changing an organisms behavior. John Broadus Watson was born in Greenville, South Carolina on January 9, 1878. Watson grew up in a horrible home. Watson’s father cheated on his mother, and his terrible home life led him to be a trouble child. When Watson was in school, he would harass the African Am erican children that went there with him. Watson was also arrested twice for violent behavior. This is very ironic because Watson was a Behaviorist. Watson attended FurmanShow MoreRelatedHistory and Current Status of Technology998 Words   |  4 Pagescanine things? Can we really determine what â€Å"bow wow† means? Will Spot know what â€Å"roll over† means without you having to show him for the millionth time? A Professor Emeritus at the Northern Arizona University, Dr. Con Slobodchikoff, is an animal behaviorist and researcher who has spent a lot of his years trying to determine exactly what â€Å"bow wow† actually means. So, he has worked on decoding animal communications and like the fictional character Dr. Doolittle, Mr. Slobodchikoff believes he has determinedRead MoreLearning : A Whole New World Of Opportunities Up1251 Words   |  6 Pagesdrive in their later years. It is extremely important that people continue growing and evolving in their education throughout their life. To be educated opens a whole new world of opportunities up. An education does not mean only going to school, taking tedious notes, stressing over tests and exams, and staying up late writing papers, but to get the entirety of the education, you must absorb it. Learning goes beyond the classroom and into our daily lives. It is through the three major styles ofRead MoreLearning Theories Essay6222 Word s   |  25 PagesBrain Structures †¢ Implications for Learning Theory †¢ Implications for Multimedia †¢ References    By Darren Forrester Noel Jantzie Kilde: http://www.acs.ucalgary.ca/%7Egnjantzi/learning_theories.htm    This chapter takes a brief look at the two major categories of learning theories (behaviorism and constructivism), the major theorists within those categories, and the implications of those theories for the use of multimedia and communications and information technology for learningRead MoreEnhancing the Effectiveness of a Therapeutic Session: A Case Analysis1549 Words   |  6 Pagescognitive-behavioral and psychoanalytic theoretical orientations. Cognitive-behavioral theoretical orientation focuses on the impact of a persons thoughts or cognitions on his/her development and acquisition of a mental disorder. As a result, cognitive-behaviorists usually believe in the concepts of modeling and reinforcement as well as the role of social learning in the development of a child. The main goal of this therapy is to change an individuals faulty or irrational thinking and behaviors through educatingRead MoreLearning Theory Behaviorism Essay example2973 Words   |  12 Pages THE LEARNING T HEORY BEHAVIORISM: BEHAVIORIST GORDON ALLPORT AND BURRHUS SKINNER INTRODUCTION The behavoristic approach has exerted a strong influence on American Psychology. The basic ideas of behaviorism are: human behavior is a product of the Stimulus-Response interaction and that behavior is modifiable. It has triggered scientific experiments and the use of statistical procedures. Most importantly, it has turned the attention of psychology to solving real behavior related problemsRead MoreEthics The Code Of Values And Moral Principles2156 Words   |  9 PagesThis heightens group member’s feelings of effectiveness (Lind and Tyler, 1988) and motivation to achieve (Hackman, 1992). Moreover, because these groups are inquiry-oriented, rather than competitive, and characterized by a high degree of trust, risk taking, and psychological safety, there are greater opportunities for competency enhancing cross-cultural learning (Argyris and Schon, 1978; Edmondson, 1999). Chapter 6: How Do I Measure Success? When I consider living a meaningful life I consider theRead More Clockwork Orange Essay example2225 Words   |  9 PagesOrange† is a general parallel to any overly oppressive or totalitarian government. Alex is a representative of the common man. Burgess attack on behaviorists and on totalitarian states is obvious. By showing what torment Alex went through when rehabilitated by the state, Burgess shows his strong sentiment against governments taking away the choice of individuals, and therefore condemning the individuals spirit. Burgesss strong convictions on the subject of individual moral freedom seemsRead MorePschy Case5196 Words   |  21 Pagesday, with just a few clouds in a deep blue sky. The fact that the clouds look closer to you than the sky is an example of C) figure and ground. 31) Which of the following is NOT one of the critical elements that defines learning? B) Change in behavior must be observable and measurable. 32) Classical conditioning is a form of learning in which an organism learns a new association between D) two stimuli. 33) Taking his first train ride, a child is amazed at how quickly the fence posts alongRead MoreThis is an chapter by chapter summary of the book Becoming Attached, did it for extra credit11157 Words   |  45 Pagesshe wanted really badly to replicate the studies she had done in Uganda and continue her study of attachments in infants. She eventually set up an observation study that would take place in the home instead in a lab or play center that was made to look like a home. She put together a team of four observers and twenty-six families. Ainsworth and her team tried not to act as simply observers but more like a part of the family by helping with the baby, talking, and holding of the baby. They did thisRead MoreContemporary Applications of Schools in Psychology8487 Words   |  34 PagesIII. BEHAVIORISM What is Behaviorism? Behaviorism is a system of psychology that admits as its subject matter overt, observable and measurable behavior. The main precept of the behaviorist school in psychology, as articulated in the writings of  John B. Watson (1878-1958),  B. F. Skinner (1904-1990), and other behaviorists, is that psychology should concern itself with the observable and apparent behavior of people and animals, and not with unobservable and invisible events that take place in their

Philosophy And Death An Argument For Physician Assisted...

PHILOSOPHY AND DEATH: AN ARGUMENT FOR PHYSICIAN ASSISTED SUICIDE EMILY BEDFORD 10107525 Submitted to: Robert Armstrong PHIL 259 Monday, December 7, 2015 Introduction As humans, we have the right to life. In Canada, in section 7 of our Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Canadians can expect â€Å"life, liberty and security of the person.† This means not only to simply exist, but have a minimum quality and value in each of our lives. Dying is the last important, intimate, and personal moment, and this process of dying is part of life. Whether death is a good or bad thing is not the question, as it is obviously inevitable, but as people have the right to attempt to make every event in their life pleasant, so they should have the right to make their dying as pleasant as possible. If this process is already very painful and unpleasant, people should have the right to shorten the unpleasantness. In February of this year, judges declared that the right to life does not mean individuals â€Å"cannot ‘waive’ their right to life.† Attempting suicide is not illegal in Canada, but the issue here is for those whose physical handicaps prevent them from doing so, and to allow access to a safe, regulated and painless form of suicide. It is a very difficult, sensitive and much-debated subject which seeks to balance the value of life with personal autonomy. In this essay, I will argue that the philosophical case for pro-euthanasia is more complete than those arguments against it due to theShow MoreRelatedThe Ethical Issue Of Physician Assisted Suicide1580 Words   |  7 Pagesthe implications and discourse of vice and virtue, this paper explores the relevance of Aristotle’s moral philosophy in modern day and will be applied to the contemporary ethical issue surrounding physician assisted suicide. By exploring Aristotle’s work through primary and secondary sources, this paper will discuss the greater good and happiness as it relates to not only the patient or physician, but as a member of a greater social circle and that of society because to Aristotle the role of the individualRead MorePhysician Assist ed Suicide Is Not Considered Admissible949 Words   |  4 PagesPhysician assisted suicide- the voluntary termination of one’s own life by administration of a lethal substance with the direct or indirect assistance of a physician, and euthanasia, the painless killing of a patient suffering from an incurable, painful disease are both highly emotional and contentious subjects. Some argue physician assisted suicide (P.A.S.) is admissible for someone who is dying and trying to painlessly break free from the intolerable suffering at the end of their life, and someRead MoreActive Euthanasia Pros and Cons Essay1640 Words   |  7 Pagesgeriatric treatment clinic, researchers found that 39.9% favored physician assisted suicide for the terminally ill. 59.3% of the patients’ relatives 146 spouses, children, and siblings favored the same measure under the same circumstance, says Harold Koenig lead investigator of the study published in the October issue of Archives of Internal Medicine. Duke University Alumni Magazine, (Mar. 2008) Euthanasia: Greek for the good death. Euthanize: To kill a person or animal that is in a terminalRead MoreThe Medical And Legal Fields About Assisted Suicide1667 Words   |  7 Pageswithin both the medical and legal fields about assisted suicide. The benefits of assisted suicide for a terminally ill individual are notably momentous. However, the argument is not extricated from opposition concerned with the obligations of the medical community. It is paramount to have an even-handed perception of the issue and present each side but recognize that the rights of the individual in arbitrating the specific route of his or her death, specifically in lethal cases where physical agonyRead MoreThe Legal And Moral Ethics Of Assisted Suicide1323 Words   |  6 PagesEvaluation of the Legal and Moral Ethics of Assisted Suicide When we are born we are told that we have free will, either by some form of higher power, or some other greater force. As such, it appears reasonable that one would have some preconceived right to choose whether or not they seek death in the case of a terminal illness. This choice to hasten our death for much of the world is not truly ours to make, with adversaries of assisted-suicide opposing the legalization of such acts, we are forcingRead MoreThe Debate Surrounding Physician-Assisted Suicide Essay1673 Words   |  7 PagesPhysician-assisted suicide is the practice in which a doctor prescribes a terminally ill patient with a lethal medication as a form of active, voluntary euthanasia. These patients, rather than suffer slowly and painfully, often request this procedure as a means of experiencing a more â€Å"dignified† death. The debate surrounding this issue is a heated one, especially among the general public whose attitudes are deeply influenced by the level of patient pain and discomfort (Frileux et al. 334). At theRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide And Euthanasia1707 Words   |  7 PagesPhysician-assisted suicide or PAS are deaths caused by a lethal dose of drug, such as barbiturate, that is prescribed by a physician. The physician does not administer the drug; instead, the patient is responsible for getting the prescribed drug in the pharmacy and taking the medication to end his or her life. This alternative option applies to patients who can make informed decision, suffer from an incurable illness, and experience intolerable symptoms (Canadian Virtual Hospice, 2015)).[Extra bracket]Read MorePhysician Assisted Suicide : The Voluntary Termination Of One s Own Life1378 Words   |  6 PagesComposition 2 13 April 2015 The Right to Die Physician assisted suicide has been practiced over the past couple centuries and is beginning to spark the interest in many people who suffer from terminal diseases. Physician assisted suicide is the voluntary termination of one s own life by administration of a lethal substance with the direct or indirect assistance of a physician (Physician-assisted Suicide). Starting in the early 1800 s, physicians did all they could to save the lives of theirRead MoreEuthanasia Essay : Euthanasia And Assisted Suicide910 Words   |  4 PagesCouncil. Patients Rights Council, n.d. Web. 03 Mar. 2015. This website address euthanasia, assisted suicide, advance directive, disability rights, pain control, and more. This article features background information on euthanasia and assisted suicide in the Netherlands. In the Netherlands, for euthanasia or assisted suicide to be legal, â€Å"The patient must be experiencing unbearable pain†¦ must be conscious, The death request must be voluntary. The patient must have been given alternatives to euthanasiaRead MoreThe Good Death Essay1471 Words   |  6 Pagesparents? Physician-assisted suicide is a voluntary termination of one’s own life by administration of a lethal substance with direct or indirect assistance of a physician. Euthanasia is another term for this practice it provides a competent patient with a prescription for the patient to use with the primary intention of ending his or her own life. Compassion and Choices or Death with Dignity are names of supporters that promote euthanasia, also referred to as physician-assisted suicide, and believe

Prostitution and Functionalism Essay - 694 Words

Prostitution and Functionalism Works Cited Not Included Throughout America and the entire world, prostitution flourishes. Prostitution is another never ending war like abortion, which society feels is immoral. This immorality leads functionalists, who apply functionalism to this social problem, on a chase to figure out why prostitution is what it is today. Functionalism is the best theory for looking at prostitution. It allows us to see how prostitution changes along with other aspects of society. Some ask why prostitution spreads like a wildfire through our cities and streets. This is an easy question for functionalists, prostitution flourishes because it satisfies sexual needs that are not able to be met†¦show more content†¦Also it brings in trashy hookers or prostitutes that seem to degrade any given city or society. The functionalist theory is the best way to view prostitution through a sociological perspective. Functionalists see prostitution as a means of controlling or channeling sexual behaviors (Henslin 53). Prostitutes meet the needs of men who otherwise do not have women always available to them. Also it meets the needs of a man because it is inexpensive, non emotional and a fleeting relationship. Through looking at prostitution we see that it persists because it serves social functions. This works by servicing people who are sexually frustrated. Prostitutes relieve pressures that otherwise might be placed on people who are unwilling to participate. Without the aid from prostitutes stimulating the un-stimulated, there might be other social problems that become bigger issues such as, rape sexual assault, kidnap and many more. Functionalism allows seeing each function that prostitution serves in a society. Since prostitution serves as a function in a bigger problem there are a couple different strategic ways of tackling this social problem. The first way is the most obvious and that would be to legalize prostitution. Legalizing prostitution would have a couple of impacts on society. Much the same as it is today men would be satisfied for a price, but that is better than men trying to get satisfaction fromShow MoreRelatedThe Theory, Symbolic Interactionism, And Conflict Theory1040 Words   |  5 Pagessociety to a system of interrelated parts, it’s a social system not just an individual. Each frame work plays part in the issue when an economy declines which causes many families to lose their jobs. Single mothers lose their jobs and go into prostitution as a mean of support.CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION In this review there are three main paradigm: Functionalist theory, symbolic interactionist theory, and conflict theory. The functionalist theory compares society to a system of interrelated parts.Read MoreDeviance : Deviance And Deviance1292 Words   |  6 Pagesrestrict this practice, yet it abuses basic standards about dress and appearance and is judged by numerous to be socially deviant despite the fact that it is seen as attractive for others. Sociological Theories on Crime and Deviance Functionalism Reviewing that functionalism is a hypothetical point of view that translates all parts of society, including those that may appear to be useless, as adding to the dependability and continuation of the entirety. At first look, deviance appears to be bad forRead MoreAssignment 3 Anthropology Essay1271 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Chapter 3: Fieldwork on Prostitution in the Era of AIDS 1. Based on reading this selection, how is ethnographic research different from other social science approaches to research? Answer: Ethnographic research is different from other social science approaches to research because it goes more in depth. With an ethnographic research you are required to eat, sleep, and breath what is being studied. In order to get a better understanding you will need to incorporate such living (as that of the cultureRead MoreSocial Theories and Prostitution2468 Words   |  10 PagesThere are many sociological theories that can be used to explain prostitution in modern society. Two such theories are functionalism and symbolic interaction. Many people feel that prostitution may be an immoral act however, from a functionalist perspective there are social needs that are being filled through prostitution. Both social actors are gaining through the engagement of prostitution. Another sociological perspective; symbolic interactionism; focuses on the interaction that occurs betweenRead MoreFunctionalism And Robert Mertons Model Of Functionalism1252 Words   |  6 PagesSociology u ses three different perspectives, or theories, when looking at human issues. These three theories are known as functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interaction. Functionalism is considered a macro theory and has two different models. The focus will be on Merton’s model of functionalism, which has three parts to it. Conflict theory is also, a macro theory that views society as a place of inequality between two groups. It looks at five inequalities, which are economic, gender, racialRead MoreThe Legal And Social Implications Of Prostitution1039 Words   |  5 PagesThe legal and social implications of prostitution have been a topic of much concern over the past few decades. Although the issue has been heavily debated, a proper answer to its legalization or criminalization has not yet been defined in many countries throughout the world. While some view that â€Å"sex work† is a justifiable occupation that should be protected under human rights, others argue that it’s legalization would do more harm than good. According to the Health and Human Rights Journal (2014)Read MoreFunctionalism and the Family637 Words   |  3 Pages about 659 words Using the material from the Item and elsewhere, assess the functionalist contribution to our understanding of the family.(24 marks) Functionalism is a structural theory as it examines social institutions e.g. economy , education etc. It sees these institutions as a way of moulding and shaping the individual. Functionalism is also a consensus theory and tends to encourage sharing norms and values and promotes agreement rather than conflict , value consensus. Functionalists adoptRead MoreThe Election Process Of A Functionalist942 Words   |  4 Pagesindividualize the roles of all the other people involved with him and must comprehend the rules of the game. These are the elements of Mead s theory of the development of the self in society. 8. Functionalism, would see the prostitution as a result of many factors which are functioning together. The prostitution would be described a situation which has been brought by several events which are working together. The situation is not caused by one single event. conflict theory would see this as social evilRead MoreProstitution Is The World Oldest Profession1657 Words   |  7 PagesProstitution is â€Å"the exchange of sexual acts for money, food, rent, drugs, or other material goods.† (WomensLaw). One who works in this field is then to be labeled a prostitute. Although the field of prostitution is the world’s oldest profession, it is a topic that is typically hushed down and not often studied. It is a part of our society and must be discussed for a better understanding. Going on to say, the physical and psychological behavior that is associated within prostitution is derived fromRead MoreHuman Traficking and Female Sex Slaves1097 Words   |  5 Pagestheir homelands. Human Trafficking relates to these three sociological theories conflict theory, structural functionalism, and symbolic interactionism. There are many organizations that help women who have been forced as sex slaves and have shelters and hotlines to help women t ell their story. Sociological theory The three sociological theories are Conflict Theory, Structural Functionalism, and Symbolic Interactionism. Conflict theory views society as an unequal system that brings about conflict

Role of a Construction Manager on Build Quality †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Role of a Construction Manager on Build Quality. Answer: The purpose of this essay is to stress on the role of a construction manager on the build quality of a construction project in progress.Project management can be seen as a core capability within construction industry, so higher level project planning would be a necessity for the success of the project. The text consists of data which were collected from approximately 555 construction managers from different countries and planning capabilities of construction managers are compared with various other industrial sectors. Apart from that, critical project planning for the process of the constructions in progress are also identified in the text. Construction projects obtain a higher quality of project planning and better success rate. The impact of critical planning process is investigated in the text. It is found that construction managers who wish to improve their projects at the planning phase, they should look into accurate identification of all the activities focusing on the development of the planning of the project (Zwikael 2009). This study provides the facts regarding the behavior that leads to inaccurate processing within a small design and build contracting organization that recruits labors directly the main objective is to decrease process waste and improving the value of those are to be delivered to the customers. Action research is used for identification and bringing in changes within the organization, and the method was applied to constructions in progress in the domestic housing sector. The intervention is to raise awareness of the site personnel to the importance of finishing the works via informal discussions and techniques regarding visualmanagement techniques (Emmitt, Pasquire and Mertia 2012). The main findings of the research are, Raising awareness of the importance of finishing the constructions to allow other trades to follow on unconstrained and that leads to significant improvement in the quality of the project. This helps in saving budget and time too. This research provides a unique insight into the application of thinking tools and process improvement. The construction managers project delivery method can be said as an emerging method in transport industry to promote better understanding of the benefits and oddities implementing a promising project delivery method. This research provides the output from the conference relying on content analysis of the presentations provided in the conference (Schierholz, Gransberg and McMinimee 2012). Apart from the previously told point, the paper also includes a panel discussion. The paper states that the state of the practice in construction manager is advancing since NCHRP synthesis 402 was completed in 2009. The paper also stresses on the major challenges for the implementation is the need for proper training for DOT personnel and the consultancy firms and construction organizations. This paper states that a competent construction manager is important for the success of the project. There are many studies regarding the efficiency of the managers but there are very few regarding the context of green construction. The paper further stresses on the challenges that a manager face while constructing a green construction. This study discusses how to establish knowledge base for the construction managers to execute green projects (Hwang, Bon-Gang and Wei Jian 2013). This study shows the challenges that a manager faces while constructing a sustainable project. Integrated project delivery can be seen as an emerging delivery system for the construction projects that involves participants very early in the timeline of the project, or sometimes even before the design is made. This paper fills the gap by judging the performance of Integrated project delivery comparing with the projects where traditional design bid build systems were followed while delivering. The results show that, IPD achieves significantly better rate of improvement in construction industry. The performance level is increased in sectors like quality, communication, environmental and financial performance. IPD provides better quality of facilities with lesser cost premium (El Asmar et al. 2013). The text stresses on the factors of quality management, and those are mentioned below. Quality management in a construction site Construction Quality Management can be referred to as the performance of jobs that makes it sure that the construction is getting built by following the plans chalked out earlier within allocated time and budget under a safe workplace environment. In case of a constructionproject quality management comes in the first place in the priority list. The issues regarding qualitative factors of any building must be resolved faster with high priority to ensure the safety of the labors or other employees who are working in the site and then the clients or other customers who are going to reside there or attend office there. The construction manager must take full responsibility to ensure the safety and qualitative factors of the buildings. If the safety and security issues with the qualitative factors come are under question, then it can bring in threats from government and media that can be dangerous for the reputation of the organization that are responsible for erecting the building (Kerzner 2013). Construction managers widely known as site managers and their basic job is to supervise and to help in operating various projects within the building project. The construction managers take responsibility of completion of any building projects with safety and ensure that the project is finished within time allotted for it to finish and it is finished within the budget allowance. The projects on the constructions managers work on range from small projects to huge gigantic projects both domestic and commercial. The job of construction managers comes with many challenges. Their job is not as easy as it seems. The main duties of the construction managers are described below. This section involves the planning of the total project with proper documentation of all the jobs those are to be completed. This process ensures that there are no problematic issues present in the project regarding materials or labors. The previously allotted budget is all that a construction manager can spend for the completion of the project and I should be taken care of with efficiency. This is the part of work where a construction manager needs to do some serious work regarding cost management (Sarda and Dewalkar 2016) References Emmitt, Stephen, Christine Pasquire, and Basant Mertia. "Is good enough making do? An investigation of inappropriate processing in a small design and build company."Construction Innovation12, no. 3 (2012): 369-383. Hwang, Bon-Gang, and Wei Jian Ng. "Project management knowledge and skills for green construction: Overcoming challenges."International Journal of Project Management31, no. 2 (2013): 272-284. Kerzner, Harold.Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons, 2013. Sarda, A. and Dewalkar, S., 2016, ROLE OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT CONSULTANCY IN CONSTRUCTION. Sarda, A. and Dewalkar, S., 2016, ROLE OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT CONSULTANCY IN CONSTRUCTION. Schierholz, Jeanna, Douglas D. Gransberg, and James McMinimee.Benefits and challenges of implementing construction manager/general contractor project delivery: The view from the field. No. 12-1206. 2012. Zwikael, Ofer. "Critical planning processes in construction projects."Construction Innovation9, no. 4 (2009): 372-387.